Charles Mingus

American jazz upright bassist, pianist, composer, bandleader, and author. A major proponent of collective improvisation, he is considered to be one of the greatest jazz musicians and composers in history, with a career spanning three decades and collaborations with other jazz musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, and Herbie Hancock. Mingus's work ranged from advanced bebop and avant-garde jazz with small and midsize ensembles - pioneering the post-bop style on seminal recordings like Pithecanthropus Erectus and Mingus Ah Um - to progressive big band experiments such as The Black Saint and the Sinner Lady.